Types of Operating Systems

Types of Operating SystemsI. DOS 

DOS Operating System is DOS (Disk Operating System) is one of the software included in the operating system class. Disk Operating System is used on disk storage media, either diskette or hard drive.PC DOS operating system (Personnal Computer Disk Operating System) is intended for the use of IBM (IBM PC) microcomputers. Originally in 1980, Petterson's team created an operating system for Seatle Computer Products that required the S-100 system by using INTEL 8086. The operating system was called QDOS (Quick and Dirty Operating System). At the end of 1980, QDOS was developed and named 86-DOS (DOS for 8086).Some DOS products to date are:

1. DOS 1.0This version is the earliest DOS version. The appearance of this version is associated with the emergence of IBM PC. This version is very simple and limited ability. This version is not dipaka anymore because it can no longer support the development of existing software.


2. DOS 2.0Issued in March 1983 with the advent of IBM PC / XT. Because the version has some program errors it is fixed with version 2.10


3. DOS 3.0What is meant by DOS 3.0 is PC-DOS 3.0 and MS-DOS 3.05 which is DOS issued to support a new computer at that time called computer AT (advanced Technology). This version supports the use of disk drives with a capacity of 1.2 megabytes and RAMDisk usage (VDISK) by using extended memory that can not be used directly by this version of DOS.


4. DOS 3.1Launched in March 1985 The advantages of DOS is the support of the computer network system.


5. DOS 3.2PC DOS 3.2 is issued simultaneously with the launch of laptop computers. Version capable of utilizing disk drive with size 3.5 inch size 720 kilobyte which is usually used in laptop computer.


6. DOS 3.3IBM in 1987 issued a version of DOS 3.3 The ability of DOS 3.3 added from DOS before is the ability to use 32 megabytes of hard disk per logical drive (1 drive logic)


7. DOS 4.0Has 3 DOS versions of PC-DOS 4.0, PC-DOS 4.01 and MS-DOS 4.01. PC DOS 4.0 is the first version released in July 1988, because DOS is much kesalhan then dikeluatkan PC-DOS 4.01. The DOS 4.0 version has a Shell facility from DOS to control the work of the computer with the system menu.


8. DOS 5.0Launched in 1991 with new facilities such as MIRROR, UNDELETTE and UNFORMAT.


9. DOS 6.0Launched in March 1993. Added several new utilities and addition of system configuration commands and batch files.


II. WINDOWS 

Windows operating system was first introduced in 1985. At first this windows operating system was introduced by the name of Interface Manager. The use of this operating system was not very interesting at first. This happened until the Windows operating system version 3.0 was introduced in May 1990.Some advantages of windows:1. Graphical display interface that is more interesting because based on Graphical User interface (GUI)2. The existence of standardization process means the user will be easier to use without needing to memorize.3. Ease of process means by using this operating system a data can be shared and can be moved from one application to another easily.4. Interesting investment, meaning semaikin many software products that support this operating system.5. multithreading and pre-emptive multitasking facilities so multitasking performance is more reponsive. With this facility several programs can be run simultaneously6. Can connect one computer with another computer by using modem

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7. Supported by industry standards Plug and Play that can help to avoid difficulties when adding new hardware.

III. MACINTOSHApple Mac OS is a derivative of UNIX through the BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution) path. Therefore the power in multi-tasking, multi-user, networking that exist on UNIX is also owned by Mac OS. Mac OS is a GUI-based operating system. Apple is a pioneer in the use of GUI on the operating system. The use of icons, mice and some GUI components is a tremendous contribution in the development of GUI-based operating systems. Early versions of Mac OS almost completely rely on its GUI capabilities and severely limit the use of CLI. Meskipin very easy but there are some disadvantages, among others:1. Multi-tasking that does not work perfectly.2. Limited memory management.

IV. UNIX 
UNIX is the name of the operating system that can be applied to different types of machines. The UNIX operating system was first introduced by AT & T Bell Laboratory for the use of computers in the form of special networks.Various versions of UNIXVendor NameAIX IBMApple A / UX (Macintosh)BSD University of CaliforniaDG / UX Data GeneralHP / UX Hawlette-PackardMS / UX NECPC / IX I
SCO UNIX SCO
SINIX Siemens
ULTRIX DEC
UNICOS Cray Research
UNIX AT & T, SCO, Sun Microsystem
VENIX VenturaCom, Inc
XENIX SCO / Microsoft
UNIXWARE CALIFORNIA

Some of the features and features of UNIX:

1. Portability
UNIX systems are easily adapted to other computer systems
2. Multiuser
A number of users can use the system simultaneously and share resources such as printer users, disks, etc.
3. Multitasking
The ability of an operating system that allows one to perform multiple tasks at the same time
4. Hierarchical File System
Organizing information or data in a form that is easy to remember is accessible

The disadvantages of UNIX systems
1. The visualization is not interesting
2. memory used is large